Retrospective LLM-Based Complexity Evaluations

EIP complexity assessment

EIP-8372: Normalized state gas limit

Assessed in Hegotá. The score describes the EIP text available at the snapshot, not the EIP as it stands today.

ProspectiveHegotáSnapshot 2026-08-25PFI at snapshotLayers: execution
LLM Completescore 19
Human Draft PRscore 20 · Checklist revision 2· ethspecs/pm #110 (draft)

Evaluated on: · Spec revision: 2026-08-25 · ac450a4ab2 · Inclusion status at snapshot: PFI

Scope at the cutoff. Draft execution-layer assessment of EIP-8372 as sealed in the Hegotá PFI snapshot. The proposal modifies EIP-8037 by selecting a new cost per state byte, scaling the raw block state-gas limit, and normalizing raw state-gas usage before comparing it with execution-gas usage for the existing header gas_used value. Transaction formats, block-header fields, the transaction reservoir, transaction-level accounting, and receipt semantics remain unchanged.

19MediumMedium
Evaluator
LLMChecklist v2
Confidence
Medium
Under-specified at assessment cutoff
Yes — 4 criteria affected
Plausible range
18–21 (Medium)
Snapshot
2026-08-25 · EIP revision ac450a4ab2 (2026-08-25)
Score bands · Checklist revision 2
  • Low <12
  • Medium 12–22
  • High ≥23

28 criteria scored 0–3 (4 in exceptional cases; cross-EIP interactions is uncapped); nominal maximum 84.

Complexity profile

Each segment is one criterion's contribution to the LLM total. Hover or focus a segment for its score and rationale.

Top complexity drivers

  1. Edge/boundary conditions3
  2. State gas accounting changes2
  3. New or modified transaction validity mechanisms2
  4. Patterns affecting pre-existing tests2

Under-specified at assessment cutoff: Yes

The EIP text available at the assessment cutoff left material behavior unresolved. The affected criteria and the plausible total range record that uncertainty.

Why: The state-gas price and raw-limit scale are both normative consensus inputs to every changed formula but remain TBD. The algorithms are specified, so the gap is localized, yet concrete validity vectors, rounding boundaries, workload magnitude, and calibration risk cannot be finalized. The rationale gives a proportional selection formula, but the normative parameter section requires only that both values be positive integers.

Unresolved questions at the cutoff (4)
  • What final positive integer value is selected for CPSB?
  • What final positive integer value is selected for STATE_GAS_LIMIT_SCALE?
  • Are the selected constants normatively required to preserve the proportional CPSB-to-limit-scale relation described in the calibration rationale?
  • What exact rounding-boundary vectors result from the final constants, and what mixed execution/state workloads are used to stress-test the calibration?
Notable ambiguities noted by the assessor (3)
  • The normative parameter table leaves CPSB and STATE_GAS_LIMIT_SCALE TBD; a client cannot compute state_gas_available, normalized state gas, or gas_used for concrete post-activation blocks without them.
  • The calibration rationale defines STATE_GAS_LIMIT_SCALE from CPSB and a baseline, but the normative specification states only that the two parameters are positive integers and does not state the proportional relation as a constraint.
  • Integer division is fully specified, but the exact raw-limit and inverse- normalization rounding discontinuities depend on the missing scale.

Criterion breakdown

EIP-8372 Hegotá: LLM criterion scores and rationale
CriterionScoreWhy this scoreEvidence / uncertainty
Edge/boundary conditionsUnder-specified3Tests need multiple boundary families: floor-division remainders, exact-limit and one-over-limit raw state gas, exact normalized block limit, and the execution/state max crossover. Their interaction requires an elevated set of cases rather than isolated single boundaries.
  • eip.md · Specification > Transaction validation; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Uses floor division in both the scaled raw limit and inverse normalization, combines equality limits for raw and normalized counters, and selects the maximum of execution and normalized state gas.
  • eip.md · Security Considerations Notes that proportional scaling preserves maximum state-byte capacity only approximately because of integer rounding.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: Exact remainder locations cannot be instantiated until the two TBD constants are selected.
State gas accounting changes2The block-level state-gas budget is modified and a normalization is added. This is the rubric's score-2 case. The transaction reservoir and its spill path into execution gas are expressly retained, so score 3 is not warranted.
  • eip.md · Specification > Transaction validation Scales the raw state-gas block limit relative to block_gas_limit and uses that scaled budget to compute state_gas_available.
  • eip.md · Specification > Block-level gas accounting Normalizes raw block state-gas usage before the max comparison while retaining the raw state-gas counter and enforcing both raw and normalized limits.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: The exact numeric budget is unavailable because CPSB and STATE_GAS_LIMIT_SCALE are still TBD, but the kind of mechanism is clear.
New or modified transaction validity mechanisms2Existing transaction types receive a changed inclusion-validity check that affects existing state-gas cases. Updates are limited to expected arithmetic and boundary cases and require no transaction format or testing-infrastructure redesign, matching score 2.
  • eip.md · Specification > Transaction validation Changes state_gas_available for transaction inclusion from the ordinary block gas limit to a separately scaled raw state-gas limit.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility States that non-implementing clients may disagree on transaction inclusion after activation.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: This score treats the proposal's explicitly named pre-inclusion transaction validation as a validity mechanism; intrinsic gas itself is unchanged.
Patterns affecting pre-existing tests2A considerable but focused category of pre-existing EIP-8037 state-gas and block-validation tests must be reworked for the scaled budget and normalized gas_used. The impact is not a major, diverse rewrite across unrelated test categories.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility Warns that non-implementing clients may disagree on transaction inclusion, block validity, or header gas_used and requires builders, clients, and estimators to adopt the new rules.
  • eip.md · Specification > Transaction validation; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Changes both the state-gas availability calculation and expected block-level gas_used/validity outcomes.
Confidence: Medium
Uncertainty: The package contains no test inventory, so the breadth is inferred only from the specified consensus surfaces and backwards-compatibility statement.
Security risksUnder-specified2The mechanism touches a limited set of critical accounting and validation components and changes their invariants, requiring targeted review, boundary testing, and fuzzing. It does not introduce the broad multi-component security redesign required for score 3.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility Identifies consensus disagreement risks in transaction inclusion, block validity, and header gas_used if the rule is not implemented consistently.
  • eip.md · Security Considerations Identifies parameter miscalibration as the primary risk, able to move the system between utilization failure modes and correctable only by another hardfork.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: Risk magnitude cannot be fully assessed while both calibrated constants are TBD.
Performance risksUnder-specified2The arithmetic itself is isolated, but its workload impact depends on mixed block execution/state demand and therefore cannot be fully benchmarked in isolation. The existing benchmark impact is limited by proportional CPSB and state-limit scaling intended to preserve maximum byte capacity.
  • eip.md · Motivation Intends to let state gas and execution gas both approach their targets by changing which resource becomes the block bottleneck.
  • eip.md · Security Considerations Requires stress-testing selected parameters across plausible demand elasticities and notes only approximate capacity invariance under rounding.
Confidence: Medium
Uncertainty: Missing parameter values prevent quantifying whether the selected calibration is contractionary or expansionary in raw state gas and realized mixed-block load.
Cross-EIP interactions2EIP-8372 depends on and modifies EIP-8037, so coordinated state-gas and block accounting tests are required. The interaction is deep but limited to one directly required EIP. EIPs 7999 and 8075 are contextual alternatives or analogues in the sealed text and are not counted as co-implemented interactions.
  • eip.md · Front matter; Abstract Formally requires EIP-8037 and directly modifies its state-gas limit and block-level gas accounting.
  • eip.md · Rationale > Calibration methodology Describes EIP-8075 as a dynamic analogue and EIP-7999 as a longer-term direction, rather than making either part of this proposal's fixed rules.
  • supporting/eip-8037.md · Specification > Multidimensional metering for state creation costs; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Supplies the two-dimensional reservoir and raw block counters whose limits and final max computation EIP-8372 changes.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: The assessment counts EIP-8037 as the direct interaction and does not separately multiply all of EIP-8037's inherited dependencies, whose rules EIP-8372 says remain unchanged.
Interacting EIPs: EIP-8037
Unspecified behavior requiring cross-client consensusUnder-specified2Clients cannot baseline concrete consensus vectors until the two localized parameters are agreed. The formulas otherwise determine behavior, so this is localized agreement rather than newly observable unspecified semantics requiring repeated broad re-baselining.
  • eip.md · Specification > Parameters Leaves both consensus constants CPSB and STATE_GAS_LIMIT_SCALE as TBD while only fixing the denominator and requiring positive integers.
  • eip.md · Specification > Transaction validation; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Uses the missing constants in every new availability, normalization, and validity formula.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: The package contains no final values or normative constraint tying the two selected constants beyond positivity; the proportional relation appears in rationale/calibration methodology.
Modified system contracts1No system contract code or state is changed, but the CPSB update indirectly changes the gas allowance/reservoir formula for existing system calls. This is a minor indirect effect.
  • eip.md · Specification > Parameters Replaces EIP-8037's CPSB with a new, currently TBD value.
  • supporting/eip-8037.md · Specification > System contracts and system transactions Defines every inherited system call's gas limit and state-gas reservoir allocation using CPSB while leaving system calls outside block gas counters.
Confidence: Medium
Uncertainty: The magnitude is unknown until CPSB is selected, and EIP-8372 does not separately discuss system-call calibration.
EVM Gas rule changes1An existing gas-accounting mechanism is updated at block level. The change does not introduce another EVM transaction gas pool or replace the inherited reservoir mechanism, so the score matches an update rather than a new general EVM gas mechanism.
  • eip.md · Specification > Block-level gas accounting Replaces EIP-8037's block-level gas_used calculation with the maximum of execution gas and normalized raw state gas, with two associated validity checks.
Confidence: High
Uncertainty: This row treats the block-level gas_used rule as EVM gas accounting while leaving the state-specific budget and normalization impact to the dedicated state-gas row.
Show 18 zero-score criteria
Zero-score criteria (Checklist revision 2)
CriterionScoreWhy this scoreEvidence / uncertainty
Added opcodes0No opcode is introduced.
  • eip.md · Specification Specifies only parameter and block/transaction accounting formula changes; no opcode table entry or instruction is added.
Uncertainty: The proposal reuses state-gas production defined by EIP-8037.
Modified opcodes0No opcode result or non-gas behavior is changed. Any effect of the new CPSB on state-creating opcodes is a gas change, which this anchor explicitly excludes.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility Retains the EIP-8037 reservoir and transaction-level gas accounting and describes the incompatibility as gas cost, inclusion, and block accounting changes.
Uncertainty: Opcode-level state-gas sites remain those inherited from EIP-8037.
Added precompiles0No precompile is introduced.
  • eip.md · Specification Contains no precompile address, input/output definition, or precompile gas rule.
Uncertainty: None within the sealed proposal scope.
Modified precompiles0No existing precompile logic or gas schedule is modified.
  • eip.md · Specification Limits all normative changes to state-gas parameters and block accounting, without identifying any precompile behavior or schedule.
Uncertainty: The general block gas accounting applies to transactions that may call precompiles, but it does not modify a precompile.
Added system contracts0No system contract is introduced.
  • eip.md · Specification The normative scope is limited to parameters, state-gas availability, and block gas accounting, with no contract deployment or system action.
Uncertainty: Existing system-call implications of changing CPSB are considered under the modified-system-contract row.
State-access ordering within opcode execution0No opcode's state access, gas-charge position relative to access, or definition of a recordable access is changed.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility States that the EIP-8037 reservoir model and transaction-level gas accounting remain unchanged; the stated changes concern post-activation constants, block limits, and normalized block accounting.
  • supporting/eip-8037.md · Specification > Pre-state and post-state gas validation The inherited proposal defines where opcode-level state gas is charged; EIP-8372 supplies no replacement for those ordering rules.
Uncertainty: The new pre-transaction state-gas availability arithmetic does not move an access or charge within opcode execution.
Blob gas accounting changes0No blob-gas counter, price, target, limit, or accounting rule is modified.
  • eip.md · Abstract Defines the proposal solely as scaling and normalizing EIP-8037 state gas and explicitly introduces no transaction or block-header fields.
Uncertainty: Blob accounting is outside the mechanisms specified by this proposal.
New EVM gas refund0The proposal adds no refund or refill mechanism and does not modify the inherited refund rules.
  • eip.md · Backwards Compatibility Says transaction-level gas accounting, the EIP-8037 reservoir model, and receipt semantics remain unchanged.
Uncertainty: Normalization is applied to block state-gas usage after inherited transaction accounting; it is not a gas refund.
New transaction types0No transaction type is introduced.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Backwards Compatibility Explicitly adds no transaction field and says transaction formats remain unchanged.
Uncertainty: All existing transaction types are processed under the inherited EIP-8037 transaction model.
New block / header fields0No block or header field is added.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Explicitly says no new block-header field is introduced and continues to use the existing gas_used field.
Uncertainty: Raw and normalized state-gas values remain internal accounting values.
Encoding changes (RLP/SSZ)0No transaction, block, header, receipt, or interface encoding is changed.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Backwards Compatibility Explicitly introduces no transaction or block-header fields and retains transaction formats and receipt semantics.
Uncertainty: The meaning of existing header gas_used changes, not its encoding.
Block syncing changes0No new block RLP validation or encoding mechanism is introduced, so the rubric's syncing-specific anchor is not triggered.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Explicitly adds no block-header field and changes the validity semantics of the existing gas_used field without changing its encoding.
Uncertainty: Historical/block execution validation changes are scored elsewhere; they are not RLP changes.
New fork activation mechanism0Activation selects protocol constants and begins applying new rules; it does not modify state or an existing internal variable at the activation block.
  • eip.md · Motivation; Rationale > Calibration methodology Describes a one-time pre-activation selection of fixed constants that remain fixed after activation, rather than an activation-block state or internal-variable transition.
Uncertainty: The constants are still TBD, but initializing or selecting constants is not the modification scored by this anchor.
Engine API changes0No Engine API endpoint, field, or communication mechanism is added or modified.
  • eip.md · Abstract States that no new transaction or block-header fields are introduced, and the specification contains no Engine API directive or communication rule.
Uncertainty: Builder behavior must reflect the new validity rules, but no Engine API transport change is specified.
Transition-tool interface changes0The transition behavior changes, but the proposal specifies no new field or mechanism that must cross the transition-tool interface.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Backwards Compatibility Introduces no transaction or header fields and retains transaction-level accounting and receipt semantics.
Uncertainty: Fork configuration must carry the selected constants in an implementation, but the package does not specify that as a transition-tool interface field.
New invariant on pre-existing tests0Existing affected tests must change expected values and validity outcomes, rather than mechanically add an assertion for a newly produced artifact to otherwise unchanged tests.
  • eip.md · Abstract; Specification > Block-level gas accounting Adds no output field; instead it changes how the existing gas_used value and existing state-gas limit validation are computed.
Uncertainty: Implementations may expose intermediate normalized values for convenience, but the sealed proposal does not require tests to assert such an output.
New test-framework primitives0Ordinary transaction, block, gas-used, and validity expectations suffice; no new expectation type, modifier, or reusable framework primitive is required by the text.
  • eip.md · Specification Expresses the complete change as integer arithmetic over existing block environment/output counters and existing gas_used.
Uncertainty: The package provides no framework implementation, so this conclusion is limited to the specified inputs and outputs.
Cryptography0No cryptographic primitive, algorithm, proof, signature, hash, or associated validation behavior is introduced or modified.
  • eip.md · Specification The normative changes consist only of positive integer parameters, multiplication, division, subtraction, comparison, and max operations.
Uncertainty: The calibration method is economic arithmetic, not cryptography.
Assessment provenance
Assessed EIP revision
ethereum/EIPs@ac450a4ab2 EIPS/eip-8372.md committed 2026-08-25 · information cutoff 2026-08-25T11:56:58Z
Current master · File history · blob d5bd301b80 · sha256 db7eae2b26e1
Rubric
Checklist revision 2 · ethspecs/pm@3d8c0128c5
Evaluator
gpt-5.6-sol at xhigh reasoning effort · isolation bubblewrap_one_eip_capsule_v1
Source record
Frozen research record research/tasks/08-hegota-prospective-complexity-assessment/outputs/assessments/hegota-pfi-2026-08-26/eip-8372.yaml · sha256 77b31821d04c
Supporting documents in the sealed package
supporting/eip-7999.md, supporting/eip-8037.md, supporting/eip-8075.md

Evaluated on: Not recorded

20MediumMedium
Evaluator
HumanChecklist v2
Confidence
Not recorded
Under-specified at assessment cutoff
Not recorded in the checklist
Checklist published
2026-08-24
Score bands · Checklist revision 2
  • Low <12
  • Medium 12–22
  • High ≥23

28 criteria scored 0–3 (4 in exceptional cases; cross-EIP interactions is uncapped); nominal maximum 84.

Complexity profile

Each segment is one criterion's contribution to the Human total. Hover or focus a segment for its score and rationale.

Top complexity drivers

  1. EVM Gas rule changes3
  2. Patterns affecting pre-existing tests3
  3. Edge/boundary conditions3
  4. State gas accounting changes2

Criterion breakdown

EIP-8372 Hegotá: Human criterion scores and rationale
CriterionScoreWhy this scoreNotes
EVM Gas rule changes3The block-level rule changes: raw state gas answers to a scaled limit and is normalized before `gas_used = max(execution, normalized state)`. Measured: an EELS prototype (proportional contraction, `CPSB` 765 / scale 50) flips 796 fixture executions across the EIP-8037/7778/2780/8038 gas suites and the ported statics.
Patterns affecting pre-existing tests3Measured: 796 executions across 155 functions spanning diverse categories — EIP-8037 header pins, capacity-bound scenarios, the 2780/7778/8038 gas suites, and 1530-era ported statics. Sixteen shared header sites were updated fork-correctly; the remainder re-derives when the real calibration constants are chosen, and the whole set re-baselines on every recalibration.
Edge/boundary conditions3The scaled-capacity admission boundary, integer normalization rounding, and the dominant-dimension switchover are each boundary-prone, and the switchover needs an elevated case count: the `max(execution, normalized)` crossover must be pinned at equality and one raw unit either side, non-divisor scales collapse rounding ranges of raw values into one normalized value, mid-transaction reservoir-to-spill crossings move with the grant, and each boundary is observed twice (raw receipts, normalized header).
State gas accounting changes2The block-level state-gas budget is modified (scaled to a share of the block gas limit) and `CPSB` recalibrates with it; the spill path and charging sites are untouched.
New or modified transaction validity mechanisms2With a scale below 100, the EIP-8037 admission rule (`tx.gas <= state_gas_available`) silently caps every transaction's gas limit at the scaled share of the block gas limit — an unstated consequence, and the dominant blast-radius mechanism until tooling learns the bound (31,873 fixture executions in the prototype's first fill). Existing validity tests need limited, mechanical updates.
Security risks2The arithmetic lands in a consensus observable: header `gas_used` is recomputed through the normalization fold, so a rounding or crossover divergence between clients is a chain split, warranting targeted review and fuzzing across the boundary ranges. Parameter miscalibration remains the economic failure mode, fixable only by a later fork — flagged by the EIP itself.
Cross-EIP interactions2A delta on EIP-8037's block accounting, interacting with EIP-7825 (the admission-cap consequence, measured) and EIP-7778's block-accounting suites — limited, mechanical coordination.
Unspecified behavior requiring cross-client consensus2Two consensus-relevant behaviors are unstated in the EIP but localized: the sub-100-scale admission cap (needs the comparison re-anchored or the ceiling stated) and receipt gas totals staying raw while the header normalizes. Clients need agreement on both before vectors are baselined; the TBD constants are churn already counted under patterns.
New test-framework primitives1Existing primitives extend: `block_state_gas_limit()` / `normalized_block_state_gas()` fork accessors (identity pre-EIP), and the framework's implicit transaction gas limit learns the scaled capacity bound.
Show 19 zero-score criteria
Zero-score criteria (Checklist revision 2)
CriterionScoreWhy this scoreNotes
Added opcodes0No rationale recorded.
Modified opcodes0No rationale recorded.
Added precompiles0No rationale recorded.
Modified precompiles0No rationale recorded.
Added system contracts0No rationale recorded.
Modified system contracts0No rationale recorded.
State-access ordering within opcode execution0No rationale recorded.
Blob gas accounting changes0No rationale recorded.
New EVM gas refund0No rationale recorded.
New transaction types0No rationale recorded.
New block / header fields0No rationale recorded.
Encoding changes (RLP/SSZ)0No rationale recorded.
Block syncing changes0No rationale recorded.
New fork activation mechanism0No rationale recorded.
Engine API changes0No rationale recorded.
Transition-tool interface changes0No rationale recorded.
New invariant on pre-existing tests0No rationale recorded.
Performance risks0No rationale recorded.
Cryptography0No rationale recorded.
Assessment provenance
Rubric
Checklist revision 2 · ethspecs/pm@3d8c0128c5
Evaluator
STEEL team · ethspecs/pm complexity_assessments
Source record
Open draft pull request #110: Add EIP-8372 complexity assessment · checklist at bcbc0c2a77 · updated 2026-08-24
blob c8fd40e285 · sha256 163ca5d2a25a
Research record
research/tasks/09-hegota-human-assessment-snapshot/outputs/assessments/eip-8372.yaml · sha256 ac8d9777bb09

Both assessments applied Checklist revision 2 (28 criteria) to EIP-8372 in Hegotá. Δ is LLM minus Human.

Using the latest scored LLM evaluation for this checklist: 2026-08-26 · spec 2026-08-25 · ac450a4ab2. The Human and LLM assessments may use different spec revisions.

LLM19Medium
Human20Medium
Δ total−1Same tier
Criteria23/28agree exactly · 3 differ by 1 · 2 differ by 2+

Complexity profiles side by side

LLM
Human

Largest disagreements: EVM Gas rule changes (−2), Performance risks (+2), Patterns affecting pre-existing tests (−1), New test-framework primitives (−1), Modified system contracts (+1)

Per-criterion scores, Human versus LLM, ordered by the size of the difference
CriterionLLMHumanΔAgreementRationale from each source
EVM Gas rule changes13−2Differ by 2+
Show rationale

LLM An existing gas-accounting mechanism is updated at block level. The change does not introduce another EVM transaction gas pool or replace the inherited reservoir mechanism, so the score matches an update rather than a new general EVM gas mechanism.

Human The block-level rule changes: raw state gas answers to a scaled limit and is normalized before `gas_used = max(execution, normalized state)`. Measured: an EELS prototype (proportional contraction, `CPSB` 765 / scale 50) flips 796 fixture executions across the EIP-8037/7778/2780/8038 gas suites and the ported statics.

Performance risks20+2Differ by 2+
Show rationale

LLM The arithmetic itself is isolated, but its workload impact depends on mixed block execution/state demand and therefore cannot be fully benchmarked in isolation. The existing benchmark impact is limited by proportional CPSB and state-limit scaling intended to preserve maximum byte capacity.

Human No rationale recorded.

Modified system contracts10+1Differ by 1
Show rationale

LLM No system contract code or state is changed, but the CPSB update indirectly changes the gas allowance/reservoir formula for existing system calls. This is a minor indirect effect.

Human No rationale recorded.

Patterns affecting pre-existing tests23−1Differ by 1
Show rationale

LLM A considerable but focused category of pre-existing EIP-8037 state-gas and block-validation tests must be reworked for the scaled budget and normalized gas_used. The impact is not a major, diverse rewrite across unrelated test categories.

Human Measured: 796 executions across 155 functions spanning diverse categories — EIP-8037 header pins, capacity-bound scenarios, the 2780/7778/8038 gas suites, and 1530-era ported statics. Sixteen shared header sites were updated fork-correctly; the remainder re-derives when the real calibration constants are chosen, and the whole set re-baselines on every recalibration.

New test-framework primitives01−1Differ by 1
Show rationale

LLM Ordinary transaction, block, gas-used, and validity expectations suffice; no new expectation type, modifier, or reusable framework primitive is required by the text.

Human Existing primitives extend: `block_state_gas_limit()` / `normalized_block_state_gas()` fork accessors (identity pre-EIP), and the framework's implicit transaction gas limit learns the scaled capacity bound.

Added opcodes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No opcode is introduced.

Human No rationale recorded.

Modified opcodes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No opcode result or non-gas behavior is changed. Any effect of the new CPSB on state-creating opcodes is a gas change, which this anchor explicitly excludes.

Human No rationale recorded.

Added precompiles000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No precompile is introduced.

Human No rationale recorded.

Modified precompiles000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No existing precompile logic or gas schedule is modified.

Human No rationale recorded.

Added system contracts000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No system contract is introduced.

Human No rationale recorded.

State-access ordering within opcode execution000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No opcode's state access, gas-charge position relative to access, or definition of a recordable access is changed.

Human No rationale recorded.

Blob gas accounting changes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No blob-gas counter, price, target, limit, or accounting rule is modified.

Human No rationale recorded.

State gas accounting changes220Agree
Show rationale

LLM The block-level state-gas budget is modified and a normalization is added. This is the rubric's score-2 case. The transaction reservoir and its spill path into execution gas are expressly retained, so score 3 is not warranted.

Human The block-level state-gas budget is modified (scaled to a share of the block gas limit) and `CPSB` recalibrates with it; the spill path and charging sites are untouched.

New EVM gas refund000Agree
Show rationale

LLM The proposal adds no refund or refill mechanism and does not modify the inherited refund rules.

Human No rationale recorded.

New transaction types000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No transaction type is introduced.

Human No rationale recorded.

New or modified transaction validity mechanisms220Agree
Show rationale

LLM Existing transaction types receive a changed inclusion-validity check that affects existing state-gas cases. Updates are limited to expected arithmetic and boundary cases and require no transaction format or testing-infrastructure redesign, matching score 2.

Human With a scale below 100, the EIP-8037 admission rule (`tx.gas <= state_gas_available`) silently caps every transaction's gas limit at the scaled share of the block gas limit — an unstated consequence, and the dominant blast-radius mechanism until tooling learns the bound (31,873 fixture executions in the prototype's first fill). Existing validity tests need limited, mechanical updates.

New block / header fields000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No block or header field is added.

Human No rationale recorded.

Encoding changes (RLP/SSZ)000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No transaction, block, header, receipt, or interface encoding is changed.

Human No rationale recorded.

Block syncing changes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No new block RLP validation or encoding mechanism is introduced, so the rubric's syncing-specific anchor is not triggered.

Human No rationale recorded.

New fork activation mechanism000Agree
Show rationale

LLM Activation selects protocol constants and begins applying new rules; it does not modify state or an existing internal variable at the activation block.

Human No rationale recorded.

Engine API changes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No Engine API endpoint, field, or communication mechanism is added or modified.

Human No rationale recorded.

Transition-tool interface changes000Agree
Show rationale

LLM The transition behavior changes, but the proposal specifies no new field or mechanism that must cross the transition-tool interface.

Human No rationale recorded.

New invariant on pre-existing tests000Agree
Show rationale

LLM Existing affected tests must change expected values and validity outcomes, rather than mechanically add an assertion for a newly produced artifact to otherwise unchanged tests.

Human No rationale recorded.

Security risks220Agree
Show rationale

LLM The mechanism touches a limited set of critical accounting and validation components and changes their invariants, requiring targeted review, boundary testing, and fuzzing. It does not introduce the broad multi-component security redesign required for score 3.

Human The arithmetic lands in a consensus observable: header `gas_used` is recomputed through the normalization fold, so a rounding or crossover divergence between clients is a chain split, warranting targeted review and fuzzing across the boundary ranges. Parameter miscalibration remains the economic failure mode, fixable only by a later fork — flagged by the EIP itself.

Edge/boundary conditions330Agree
Show rationale

LLM Tests need multiple boundary families: floor-division remainders, exact-limit and one-over-limit raw state gas, exact normalized block limit, and the execution/state max crossover. Their interaction requires an elevated set of cases rather than isolated single boundaries.

Human The scaled-capacity admission boundary, integer normalization rounding, and the dominant-dimension switchover are each boundary-prone, and the switchover needs an elevated case count: the `max(execution, normalized)` crossover must be pinned at equality and one raw unit either side, non-divisor scales collapse rounding ranges of raw values into one normalized value, mid-transaction reservoir-to-spill crossings move with the grant, and each boundary is observed twice (raw receipts, normalized header).

Cryptography000Agree
Show rationale

LLM No cryptographic primitive, algorithm, proof, signature, hash, or associated validation behavior is introduced or modified.

Human No rationale recorded.

Cross-EIP interactions220Agree
Show rationale

LLM EIP-8372 depends on and modifies EIP-8037, so coordinated state-gas and block accounting tests are required. The interaction is deep but limited to one directly required EIP. EIPs 7999 and 8075 are contextual alternatives or analogues in the sealed text and are not counted as co-implemented interactions.

Human A delta on EIP-8037's block accounting, interacting with EIP-7825 (the admission-cap consequence, measured) and EIP-7778's block-accounting suites — limited, mechanical coordination.

Unspecified behavior requiring cross-client consensus220Agree
Show rationale

LLM Clients cannot baseline concrete consensus vectors until the two localized parameters are agreed. The formulas otherwise determine behavior, so this is localized agreement rather than newly observable unspecified semantics requiring repeated broad re-baselining.

Human Two consensus-relevant behaviors are unstated in the EIP but localized: the sub-100-scale admission cap (needs the comparison re-anchored or the ceiling stated) and receipt gas totals staying raw while the header normalizes. Clients need agreement on both before vectors are baselined; the TBD constants are churn already counted under patterns.

Criterion legend and glossary

Every stacked bar, comparison matrix, and criterion table on this site uses the same criterion colours, abbreviations, and order. Colour marks the criterion group; the abbreviation and name identify the criterion. Scores are 0–3 per criterion (4 is exceptional; cross-EIP interactions is uncapped).

EVM surface

Opcodes, precompiles, and system contracts that are added or modified.

  • Added opcodes
    Introduces new opcodes
    Score anchors
    0
    No new opcodes are introduced.
    1
    A new simple opcode is introduced (no data portion, no complex stack mechanics, and a constant gas cost).
    2
    Multiple new simple opcodes are introduced, or a single new complex opcode is introduced (has data portion, or complex stack mechanics, or a dynamic gas cost).
    3
    Multiple new opcodes are introduced, and at least one of them is complex (has data portion, or complex stack mechanics, or a dynamic gas cost).
    • Cryptography opcodes are not considered complex by default. Refer to the "Cryptography" section for a separate assessment.
  • Modified opcodes
    Modifies pre-existing opcodes
    Score anchors
    0
    No pre-existing opcode modifications are introduced.
    3
    At least one pre-existing opcode's behavior is modified (not including gas changes) or a pre-existing opcode is deprecated.
  • Added precompiles
    Introduces new precompiles
    Score anchors
    0
    No new precompiles are introduced.
    1
    A new simple precompile is introduced (constant input length, constant gas cost).
    2
    Multiple new simple precompiles are introduced, or a single new complex precompile is introduced (dynamic input length or dynamic gas cost).
    3
    Multiple new precompiles are introduced, and at least one of them is complex (dynamic input length or dynamic gas cost).
    • Cryptography precompiles are not considered complex by default. Refer to the "Cryptography" for a separate assessment.
  • Modified precompiles
    Modifies pre-existing precompiles logic or gas-accounting
    Score anchors
    0
    No pre-existing precompiles are modified.
    1
    At least one pre-existing precompile has its gas schedule modified.
    2
    Multiple pre-existing precompiles have their gas schedule modified, or a single pre-existing precompile has its behavior modified.
    3
    The behavior of multiple pre-existing precompiles, or a single complex pre-existing precompile modified.
  • Added system contracts
    Introduces new system contract, stateful or not
    Score anchors
    0
    No new system contracts are introduced.
    1
    A new system contract is introduced that is not stateful nor does it trigger a new system action (e.g. requests to the consensus layer).
    2
    Multiple new system contracts are introduced or a single new system contract that is either stateful or triggers a new system action (e.g. requests to the consensus layer).
    3
    Multiple new system contracts are introduced and at least one of them is either stateful or triggers a new system action (e.g. requests to the consensus layer).
  • Modified system contracts
    Modifies pre-existing system contracts
    Score anchors
    0
    No modifications to pre-existing system contracts are introduced, directly or indirectly.
    1
    Does not directly modify any system contract, but its behavior has minor indirect effects on one or more system contracts.
    2
    Does not directly modify any system contract, but its behavior has major indirect effects on one or more system contracts.
    3
    At least one pre-existing system contract code or state is modified, which would involve irregular state transition or a similarly complex transition methodology.

Gas and accounting

Execution, blob, and state gas rules, refunds, and where charges happen inside opcodes.

  • EVM Gas rule changes
    New EVM gas accounting rules
    Score anchors
    0
    No gas accounting changes.
    1
    Existing gas accounting mechanism is updated.
    2
    A new gas accounting mechanism is introduced but it does not affect existing mechanisms nor does it affect existing tests.
    3
    A new gas accounting mechanism is introduced and affects existing mechanisms which in turn affect existing tests.
  • State-access ordering within opcode execution · Checklist revision 2 only
    Changes *where inside an opcode's execution* state is accessed, or where gas is charged relative to that access. Because a state access is recorded in the block-level access list only if execution had enough gas to reach it, this ordering is consensus-critical: moving it changes the BAL at every gas boundary of every affected opcode.
    Score anchors
    0
    No change to where state is accessed, or to where gas is charged relative to a state access, within any opcode.
    1
    A single opcode's state-access or gas-charge ordering changes.
    2
    Multiple opcodes' ordering changes, or a new state-accessing operation is introduced whose position in the order must be settled.
    3
    The ordering rule changes for a whole class of state-accessing opcodes at once, or what counts as a recordable state access is redefined — requiring existing BAL vectors to be re-derived across opcodes and forks.
    • Distinct from "Modified opcodes", which asks whether an opcode's **result** changed. This row asks about the **path to the result**, which is observable even when the result is identical. An EIP can be 0 on that row and 3 on this one.
    • Score changes **to** the ordering. Do not score the fact that state accesses are observable — they always are.
    • Each boundary must be re-tested against every other dimension that can change the answer (cold/warm, static/non-static, delegated/direct, revert/success), so the case count grows multiplicatively rather than additively. Note this explicitly under Special Considerations.
  • Blob gas accounting changes
    New Blob gas accounting rules which potentially affect pre-existing tests
    Score anchors
    0
    No blob gas accounting changes.
    1
    Existing blob gas accounting mechanism is updated.
    2
    A new blob gas accounting mechanism is introduced but it does not affect existing mechanisms nor does it affect existing tests.
    3
    A new blob gas accounting mechanism is introduced and affects existing mechanisms which in turn affect existing tests.
  • State gas accounting changes · Checklist revision 2 only
    New state gas accounting rules. State gas is the cost of *writing* state, as opposed to accessing or executing it: `StateGasCosts`, `COST_PER_STATE_BYTE`, the block-level state gas budget, and the spill path into execution gas.
    Score anchors
    0
    No state gas accounting changes.
    1
    An existing state gas cost or `STATE_BYTES_PER_*` rate is adjusted.
    2
    A new state-gas-charging site is introduced, or the block-level state gas budget or reservoir allocation is modified.
    3
    A new state gas charging mechanism is introduced, or the spill interaction between state gas and execution gas is modified, affecting existing gas tests.
    • Harder to test than blob gas: the spill path means state gas cannot be metered independently of execution gas, and some costs (e.g. `NEW_ACCOUNT`) are state-dependent.
  • New EVM gas refund
    New gas-refund mechanism
    Score anchors
    0
    No new gas-refund mechanisms are introduced.
    1
    A new simple gas-refund mechanism is introduced that does not affect either existing tests or existing gas-refund mechanisms.
    2
    A new complex gas-refund mechanism is introduced or a simple mechanism that affects existing tests or existing gas-refund mechanisms.
    3
    A new complex gas-refund mechanism is introduced that affects existing tests or existing gas-refund mechanisms.

Blocks, transactions, and encoding

Transaction types and validity, block and header fields, encodings, syncing, and activation-time changes.

  • New transaction types
    Introduces a new transaction type
    Score anchors
    0
    No new transaction types are introduced.
    3
    A new transaction type is introduced.
  • New or modified transaction validity mechanisms
    Creates new or modifies pre-existing transaction types' validation mechanisms
    Score anchors
    0
    No changes are introduced to the validity rules of existing transaction types or to their intrinsic gas cost calculation.
    1
    Minor adjustments are introduced to validity rules or intrinsic gas cost calculation, but they do not significantly affect existing tests.
    2
    Changes to validity rules or intrinsic gas cost calculation affect existing tests, but require only limited updates to test cases and no redesign of the testing infrastructure.
    3
    Changes to validity rules or intrinsic gas cost calculation require extensive rework or redesign of the tests or testing infrastructure.
  • New block / header fields
    Introduces new block or block header fields
    Score anchors
    0
    No new block or header fields are introduced.
    3
    A new block or header field is introduced.
  • Encoding changes (RLP/SSZ)
    Introduces encoding changes at the transaction/block/interfaces level
    Score anchors
    0
    No encoding changes are introduced at the transaction, block, or interfaces levels.
    3
    An encoding change is introduced at transaction, block or interfaces level (e.g. RLP -> SSZ).
    • "Interfaces level" includes the Engine API. Score an Engine API encoding change (e.g. JSON -> SSZ) here.
  • Block syncing changes
    Modifies block RLP validation mechanisms that require test client syncing.
    Score anchors
    0
    No new RLP validation mechanism is introduced.
    1
    A single simple RLP validation mechanism is introduced.
    2
    Multiple simple RLP validation mechanisms are introduced or a single complex one.
    3
    Multiple RLP validation mechanisms are introduced and at least one of them is deemed complex.
  • New fork activation mechanism
    Modifies state, internal variables, or similar, at the fork activation block
    Score anchors
    0
    No state modifications, internal variables or similar are modified at the fork activation block.
    3
    Either a state modification or internal variables are modified at the fork activation block.
    • Initialization of new internal variable is not considered a modification.

Client interfaces

Engine API and transition-tool interface changes.

  • Engine API changes
    Introduces new fields to the Engine API directives
    Score anchors
    0
    No new fields or communication mechanisms are introduced to the Engine API.
    1
    A single new field is introduced in one of the Engine API endpoints.
    2
    Multiple fields are introduced to one or multiple Engine API end points, or a new Engine API end-point is introduced.
    3
    Multiple fields are introduced to one or multiple Engine API end points and a new Engine API end-point is introduced.
  • Engine API encoding changes · Checklist revision 1 only
    Engine API encoding changes (the revision-1 template defines no anchor text for this row).
  • Transition-tool interface changes
    Modifies or adds new fields to the transition tool interface.
    Score anchors
    0
    No modifications to the transition tool interface are required.
    1
    A single new field needs to be introduced to the transition tool interface.
    2
    Multiple new fields or a new mechanism has to be introduced to the transition tool interface.
    3
    Multiple new fields and a new mechanism has to be introduced to the transition tool interface.
    • Special consideration must be paid to this section if the EIP introduces a mechanism that requires the state transition tool to be aware whether the block it is processing is the fork-activation block.

Testing impact

Rework, new invariants, and new primitives required in the test framework.

  • Patterns affecting pre-existing tests
    Implements a new validation mechanism or rule that translates in reworking pre-existing tests
    Score anchors
    0
    No pre-existing tests are affected by this change.
    1
    Minor subset of existing tests are affected by this change.
    2
    Considerable subset of existing tests are affected by this change but involves only a contrived category of tests.
    3
    Major subset of existing tests are affected, including diverse category of tests (benchmarks, static, multiple forks, etc.).
  • New invariant on pre-existing tests · Checklist revision 2 only
    Tests that are **not about this EIP** must nonetheless assert something this EIP produces. Their logic does not change; they gain a new thing to check.
    Score anchors
    0
    Pre-existing tests assert nothing new.
    1
    A narrow, contrived category of pre-existing tests gains a new assertion.
    2
    A broad category gains a new assertion, applied mechanically.
    3
    Every test in the fork gains the assertion regardless of what it tests, and pre-fork vectors must be re-derived to satisfy it.
    • Paired with the row above, and easy to confuse with it. "Patterns affecting pre-existing tests" asks whether existing tests must be **reworked**; this row asks whether they must **additionally assert something new**. Score both — an EIP can be low on one and high on the other.
  • New test-framework primitives · Checklist revision 2 only
    Requires new abstractions in the test framework itself — expectation types, modifiers, helpers — beyond writing test functions with what already exists.
    Score anchors
    0
    Existing test primitives suffice.
    1
    Existing primitives need minor extension.
    2
    New expectation or modifier primitives are required, reusable within this EIP's own test suite.
    3
    New framework-level primitives are required that become a permanent part of the framework and are used by other EIPs' tests.

Risk and validation

Security, performance, boundary conditions, and cryptography that need validation.

  • Security risks
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms that could compromise the security of the chain, users, validators, or other stakeholders, if not implemented properly.
    Score anchors
    0
    No new mechanisms are introduced that could pose a security risk.
    1
    The introduced mechanisms are self-contained, can be validated in isolation, and do not alter existing invariants that could pose a security risk for any stakeholders.
    2
    The introduced mechanisms interact with a limited number of existing components, slightly altering their security assumptions and requiring a targeted security review or fuzzing.
    3
    The introduced mechanisms interact with multiple existing components, including critical ones, substantially altering their security assumptions and requiring an extensive security review and fuzzing.
  • Performance risks
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms and requires performance validation.
    Score anchors
    0
    No new mechanisms are introduced that require performance validation.
    1
    The introduced mechanisms can be benchmarked in isolation and do not affect existing performance behavior.
    2
    The introduced mechanisms cannot be fully benchmarked in isolation, but they only have a limited impact on the existing performance benchmarks.
    3
    The introduced mechanisms cannot be benchmarked in isolation and have a substantial impact on existing performance benchmarks or have complex interactions with existing mechanisms.
  • Edge/boundary conditions
    Feature contains edge/boundary conditions.
    Score anchors
    0
    No discernible edge cases or boundary conditions are introduced.
    1
    A single edge-case or boundary-condition prone mechanism is introduced.
    2
    Multiple edge-case or boundary-condition prone mechanisms are introduced, but none of them requires an elevated number of cases to test.
    3
    Multiple edge-case or boundary-condition prone mechanisms are introduced and at least one of them requires an elevated number of cases to test.
  • Cryptography
    Introduces new cryptography mechanisms or modifies existing functionality that involves cryptography
    Score anchors
    0
    No cryptography mechanisms are introduced.
    1
    A new cryptography mechanism is introduced but it is a well known mechanism that is known to have vast resources to aid on its testing.
    2
    Multiple new cryptography mechanisms are introduced that are well-known or a single but novel mechanism is introduced that is either untested or has limited resources.
    3
    Multiple new cryptography mechanisms are introduced and at least one of them is a novel mechanism.

Coordination

Cross-EIP interactions and behavior that clients must agree on before tests exist.

  • Cross-EIP interactions
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms that affect other EIPs in either the same or past forks.
    Score anchors
    0
    Fully self-contained EIP that does not depend on, modify, or conflict with any other EIP.
    1
    The EIP interacts with one or more other EIPs in a non-critical and limited way but can be tested independently for the most part.
    2
    The EIP depends on or modifies one or more other EIPs such that coordinated testing and consideration is required, but interactions are limited in scope and not complex.
    3
    The EIP has strong interdependencies with multiple EIPs, requiring extensive coordinated cross-EIP testing as well as potential re-design of existing test vectors.
    • +1 for every 3 additional interacting EIPs beyond the first 3, each of which requires its own coordinated test cases. List the EIPs in the rationale.
    • This row is intentionally uncapped, unlike every other anchor: each interacting EIP is another axis of the test matrix, so a ceiling would make a 12-EIP product indistinguishable from a 3-EIP one.
  • Unspecified behavior requiring cross-client consensus · Checklist revision 2 only
    The EIP text does not determine the answer for cases a test can construct. Clients must agree on a previously unspecified detail before tests can be baselined. The cost here is coordination and re-baselining, not test writing.
    Score anchors
    0
    The EIP text determines the answer for every case a test could construct.
    1
    A few details are unspecified but have an obvious intended reading.
    2
    Details require client agreement before tests can be written, but they are localized.
    3
    A previously unspecified *and previously unobservable* behavior becomes consensus-critical; expect tests to be re-baselined on each round of EIP amendment.
    • Score this from the EIP's state at assessment time: whether it has client implementations, whether it has been through a devnet, and how many open questions remain on its discussion thread.