Retrospective LLM-Based Complexity Evaluations

Cross-fork index

EIPs

83 proposals across 84 fork–EIP relationships and 103 assessments. Every assessment is one row, whether the evaluator was the LLM or a STEEL reviewer (27 Human checklists). Filter by evaluator, open an EIP for its complete assessment, or select rows from any evaluator to compare them.

Evaluator
103 assessments: 76 LLM, 27 Human· 20 Hegotá candidates have a pending human checklist
Every complexity assessment in the study, one row per evaluator. LLM totals are the study scores; Human rows are STEEL checklists and do not enter fork totals. Click an EIP for its complete assessment.
Select for comparisonComplexity profile
EIP-1153 Transient storage opcodesCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-2537 Precompile for BLS12-381 curve operationsPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete17MediumYes
EIP-2780 Resource-based intrinsic transaction gasAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete25HighYes
EIP-2780 Resource-based intrinsic transaction gasAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete13Medium—
EIP-2935 Serve historical block hashes from statePrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete21MediumYes
EIP-3298 Remove storage-clear refund and refund capHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete10LowNo
EIP-3298 Remove storage-clear refund and refund capHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR6Low—
EIP-3651 Warm COINBASEShanghai / Shapella
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete6LowNo
EIP-3855 PUSH0 instructionShanghai / Shapella
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete5LowYes
EIP-3860 Limit and meter initcodeShanghai / Shapella
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete21MediumYes
EIP-4758 Deactivate SELFDESTRUCTHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-4758 Deactivate SELFDESTRUCTHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR8Low—
EIP-4788 Beacon block root in the EVMCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete30HighYes
EIP-4844 Shard Blob TransactionsCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete43HighYes
EIP-4895 Beacon chain push withdrawals as operationsShanghai / Shapella
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete26HighYes
EIP-5656 MCOPY - Memory copying instructionCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete8LowYes
EIP-5920 PAY opcodeHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete18MediumYes
EIP-5920 PAY opcodeHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR14Medium—
EIP-6049 Deprecate SELFDESTRUCTShanghai / Shapella
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete3LowNo
EIP-6110 Supply validator deposits on chainPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete26HighYes
EIP-6780 SELFDESTRUCT only in same transactionCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7002 Execution layer triggerable withdrawalsPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete31HighYes
EIP-7251 Increase the MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCEPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete3LowYes
EIP-7516 BLOBBASEFEE opcodeCancun / Dencun
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete5LowYes
EIP-7594 PeerDAS - Peer Data Availability SamplingOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete0LowYes
EIP-7610 Revert creation in case of non-empty storageAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete10LowYes
EIP-7610 Revert creation in case of non-empty storageAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete7Low—
EIP-7623 Increase calldata costPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7642 eth/69 - history expiry and simpler receiptsPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-7642 eth/69 - history expiry and simpler receiptsOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete8LowYes
EIP-7666 EVM-ify the identity precompileHegotá
ProspectiveDFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete18MediumYes
EIP-7666 EVM-ify the identity precompileHegotá
ProspectiveDFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Draft PR12Medium—
EIP-7668 Remove bloom filtersHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete12MediumYes
EIP-7668 Remove bloom filtersHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR7Low—
EIP-7685 General purpose execution layer requestsPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete21MediumYes
EIP-7691 Blob throughput increasePrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7702 Set Code for EOAsPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete26HighYes
EIP-7708 ETH transfers emit a logAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete17MediumYes
EIP-7708 ETH transfers emit a logAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete9Low—
EIP-7709 Read BLOCKHASH from Storage and Update CostHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7709 Read BLOCKHASH from Storage and Update CostHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR17Medium—
EIP-7778 Block Gas Accounting without RefundsAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete13MediumYes
EIP-7778 Block Gas Accounting without RefundsAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete10Medium—
EIP-7805 Fork-choice enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCIL)Hegotá
ProspectiveSFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete25HighYes
EIP-7805 Fork-choice enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCIL)Hegotá
ProspectiveSFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete15Medium—
EIP-7823 Set upper bounds for MODEXPOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete8LowYes
EIP-7825 Transaction Gas Limit CapOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-7840 Add blob schedule to EL config filesPrague / Pectra
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete4LowYes
EIP-7843 SLOTNUM opcodeAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete19MediumYes
EIP-7843 SLOTNUM opcodeAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete7Low—
EIP-7883 ModExp Gas Cost IncreaseOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete9LowNo
EIP-7892 Blob Parameter Only HardforksOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7906 Transaction Assertions via State Diff OpcodeHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete27HighYes
EIP-7906 Transaction Assertions via State Diff OpcodeHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR23High—
EIP-7910 eth_config JSON-RPC MethodOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete7LowYes
EIP-7918 Blob base fee bounded by execution costOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete13MediumYes
EIP-7928 Block-Level Access ListsAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete41HighYes
EIP-7928 Block-Level Access ListsAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete29High—
EIP-7934 RLP Execution Block Size LimitOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete7LowYes
EIP-7935 Set default gas limit to 60MOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete6LowYes
EIP-7939 Count leading zeros (CLZ) opcodeOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete4LowNo
EIP-7951 Precompile for secp256r1 Curve SupportOsaka / Fusaka
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete9LowYes
EIP-7954 Increase Maximum Contract SizeAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-7976 Increase Calldata Floor CostAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete8LowNo
EIP-7976 Increase Calldata Floor CostAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete5Low—
EIP-7979 Call and Return Opcodes for the EVMHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete13MediumYes
EIP-7981 Increase Access List CostAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-7981 Increase Access List CostAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete6Low—
EIP-7997 Deterministic Factory ContractAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete12MediumYes
EIP-7997 Deterministic Factory ContractAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete5Low—
EIP-8024 Backward compatible SWAPN, DUPN, EXCHANGEAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-8024 Backward compatible SWAPN, DUPN, EXCHANGEAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete6Low—
EIP-8025 Optional Execution ProofsHegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete25HighYes
EIP-8037 State Creation Gas Cost IncreaseAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete43HighYes
EIP-8037 State Creation Gas Cost IncreaseAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete28High—
EIP-8038 State-access gas cost updateAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete14MediumYes
EIP-8038 State-access gas cost updateAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveIncluded by cutoff
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete20High—
EIP-8077 eth/XX - announce transactions with nonceHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete8LowYes
EIP-8116 Replace cumulative receipt fieldsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete9LowYes
EIP-8131 Unified Transaction Content FloorHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete16MediumYes
EIP-8141 Frame TransactionHegotá
ProspectiveSFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete52HighYes
EIP-8141 Frame TransactionHegotá
ProspectiveSFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Complete38High—
EIP-8142 Block-in-Blobs (BiB)Hegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete41HighYes
EIP-8148 Custom sweep threshold for validatorsHegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete19MediumYes
EIP-8151 Account Code Restricted ecRecoverHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete18MediumYes
EIP-8198 Quick SlotsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete17MediumYes
EIP-8205 Withdrawal credentials preregistrationHegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete16MediumYes
EIP-8205 Withdrawal credentials preregistrationHegotá
ProspectivePFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v1Open PR5Low—
EIP-8246 Remove SELFDESTRUCT BurnAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-8250 Keyed Nonces for Frame TransactionsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete42HighYes
EIP-8250 Keyed Nonces for Frame TransactionsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Draft PR22
published 20
Medium—
EIP-8253 Bump nonce of zero-nonce storage accountsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-8272 Recent Roots for Frame TransactionsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete24HighYes
EIP-8272 Recent Roots for Frame TransactionsHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Open PR14Medium—
EIP-8279 Block Access List Byte FloorHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete24HighYes
EIP-8279 Block Access List Byte FloorHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Draft PR22Medium—
EIP-8282 Builder Execution RequestsAmsterdam / Glamsterdam
RetrospectiveAdded after cutoff
LLMChecklist v3Complete22MediumYes
EIP-8298 SETCODEFROM Code Reuse InstructionHegotá
ProspectiveCFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete34HighYes
EIP-8355 Precompiles for ML-DSA VerificationHegotá
ProspectiveDFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete12MediumYes
EIP-8368 CPSB Recalibration for New Gas LimitHegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete11LowYes
EIP-8368 CPSB Recalibration for New Gas LimitHegotá
ProspectivePFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Draft PR16Medium—
EIP-8372 Normalized state gas limitHegotá
ProspectivePFI
LLMChecklist v3Complete16MediumYes
EIP-8372 Normalized state gas limitHegotá
ProspectivePFI
Not recordedHumanChecklist v2Draft PR20Medium—
Criterion legend and glossary

Every stacked bar, comparison matrix, and criterion table on this site uses the same criterion colours, abbreviations, and order. Colour marks the criterion group; the abbreviation and name identify the criterion. Scores are 0–3 per criterion (4 is exceptional; cross-EIP interactions is uncapped).

EVM surface

Opcodes, precompiles, and system contracts that are added or modified.

  • Added opcodes
    Introduces new opcodes
  • Modified opcodes
    Modifies pre-existing opcodes
  • Added precompiles
    Introduces new precompiles
  • Modified precompiles
    Modifies pre-existing precompiles logic or gas-accounting
  • Added system contracts
    Introduces new system contract, stateful or not
  • Modified system contracts
    Modifies pre-existing system contracts

Gas and accounting

Execution, blob, and state gas rules, refunds, and where charges happen inside opcodes.

  • EVM Gas rule changes
    New EVM gas accounting rules
  • State-access ordering within opcode execution · not in checklist revision 1
    Changes *where inside an opcode's execution* state is accessed, or where gas is charged relative to that access. Because a state access is recorded in the block-level access list only if execution had enough gas to reach it, this ordering is consensus-critical: moving it changes the BAL at every gas boundary of every affected opcode.
  • Blob gas accounting changes
    New Blob gas accounting rules which potentially affect pre-existing tests
  • State gas accounting changes · not in checklist revision 1
    New state gas accounting rules. State gas is the cost of *writing* state, as opposed to accessing or executing it: `StateGasCosts`, `COST_PER_STATE_BYTE`, the block-level state gas budget, and the spill path into execution gas.
  • New EVM gas refund
    New gas-refund mechanism

Blocks, transactions, and encoding

Transaction types and validity, block and header fields, encodings, syncing, and activation-time changes.

  • New transaction types
    Introduces a new transaction type
  • New or modified transaction validity mechanisms
    Creates new or modifies pre-existing transaction types' validation mechanisms
  • New block / header fields
    Introduces new block or block header fields
  • Encoding changes (RLP/SSZ)
    Introduces encoding changes at the transaction/block/interfaces level
  • Block syncing changes
    Modifies block RLP validation mechanisms that require test client syncing.
  • New fork activation mechanism
    Modifies state, internal variables, or similar, at the fork activation block

Client interfaces

Engine API and transition-tool interface changes.

  • Engine API changes
    Introduces new fields to the Engine API directives
  • Engine API encoding changes · Checklist revision 1 only
    Engine API encoding changes (the revision-1 template defines no anchor text for this row).
  • Transition-tool interface changes
    Modifies or adds new fields to the transition tool interface.

Testing impact

Rework, new invariants, and new primitives required in the test framework.

  • Patterns affecting pre-existing tests
    Implements a new validation mechanism or rule that translates in reworking pre-existing tests
  • New invariant on pre-existing tests · not in checklist revision 1
    Tests that are **not about this EIP** must nonetheless assert something this EIP produces. Their logic does not change; they gain a new thing to check.
  • New test-framework primitives · not in checklist revision 1
    Requires new abstractions in the test framework itself — expectation types, modifiers, helpers — beyond writing test functions with what already exists.

Risk and validation

Security, performance, boundary conditions, and cryptography that need validation.

  • Security risks
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms that could compromise the security of the chain, users, validators, or other stakeholders, if not implemented properly.
  • Performance risks
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms and requires performance validation.
  • Edge/boundary conditions
    Feature contains edge/boundary conditions.
  • Cryptography
    Introduces new cryptography mechanisms or modifies existing functionality that involves cryptography

Coordination

Cross-EIP interactions and behavior that clients must agree on before tests exist.

  • Cross-EIP interactions
    Introduces or modifies mechanisms that affect other EIPs in either the same or past forks.
  • Unspecified behavior requiring cross-client consensus · not in checklist revision 1
    The EIP text does not determine the answer for cases a test can construct. Clients must agree on a previously unspecified detail before tests can be baselined. The cost here is coordination and re-baselining, not test writing.
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